初中英语知识点大全，

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语法

被动语态

构成形式

基本时态变化：被动语态由be + 过去分词构成，be 随时态变化而变化，通常有十种时态的被动形式。例如：| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 || --- | --- | --- || 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done（过去分词） | Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. || 现在完成时 | has/have been done | All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. || 现在进行时 | am/is/are being done | A new cinema is being built here. || 一般过去时 | was/were done | - || 过去完成时 | had been done | By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. || 过去进行时 | was/were being done | A meeting was being held when I was there. || 一般将来时 | shall/will be done | Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. || 过去将来时 | should/would be done | The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. || 将来完成时（少用） | shall/will have been done | The project will have been completed before July. |

特殊结构形式

带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby - sitter.

双宾语变被动：有些动词有两个宾语，变被动时可把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语保留在谓语后，通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

宾语补足语结构变被动：当动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

使役和感官动词后不定式变化：在使役动词 have，make，get 以及感官动词 see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

动词词组的被动：有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如动词 + 介词，动词 + 副词等，也可用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能省略。例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

非谓语动词的被动语态：v + ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。

使用情况

讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者（这时可省 by 短语）。

借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

为了更好地安排句子。例：The well - known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）

相关句型：一些表示据说或相信的动词如 believe，consider，expect，report，say，suppose，think 等可以

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