澳大利亚大堡礁英文介绍？1、大堡礁位于澳大利亚的昆士兰州以东，大堡礁（英文：TheGreatBarrierReef，法文：Grandebarrièredecorail），是世界最大最长的珊瑚礁群，位于南半球，它纵贯于澳大利亚的东北沿海昆士兰州，北从托雷斯海峡，南到南回归线以南，绵延伸展共有2011公里，最宽处161公里。有2900个大小珊瑚礁岛，自然景观非常特殊。那么，澳大利亚大堡礁英文介绍？一起来了解一下吧。
Great Barrier Reef...a natural world wonder
Great Barrier Reef
Waters with alluring hues of turquoise and aquamarine and an undersea world of colours that artists only dream about.
Washed by the warm waters of the South-West Pacific Ocean the perfect environment is created for the world's largest system of coral reefs. The Great Barrier Reef is of such pristine condition that it was listed by the World Heritage Trust as a protected site and is therefore managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Authority to ensure that its beauty is maintained for many generations to come. Visitors in their thousands come to marvel at the spectacular sight seeing opportunities that is unique to our area. The Wet Tropics World Heritage listed Rainforest on one side and the Great Barrier Reef on the other. No other place in the world offers such ecological diversity so close to each other.
Off the Cairns coastline are outer edge ribbon reefs which may be up to 25 kilometres long. This is the outer limits of the continental shoreline of prehistoric times. The ribbon reefs can be seen by taking one of the daily outer reef cruises offered by local operators. One of the best ways to view the reef is to take a low flying scenic flight over it, especially at low tide where you'll see the breadth and diversity of this great living wonder.
The waters of the great barrier reef provide the world's busiest and most varied marine habitats. Marine life is in abundance. From the many species of coral to the sought after Black Marlin and all sizes and species of fish in-between. The varied colours of the reef's fish and other marine life will astound the visitor with colour combinations that artists haven't even dreamed of. It is the largest of the world’s 552 World Heritage Areas, covering 347,000 km There are more than 2800 catalogued reefs in the area.
Although the reef stretches more than 2000 kilometres offshore from Queensland, it is only at Cape Tribulation, just north of Port Douglas that the reef comes right to the shore and meets the tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics. The Reef has over 1000 islands which are easily accessible from North Queensland and coastal cities like Cairns and Port Douglas. The coral islands are very popular tourist attractions. Some even have varied vegetation including rainforest and are encircled by the coral reefs.
You can enjoy year round activities on the great barrier reef. With the absence of the dreaded box jelly fish (the reef is free of this menace) and the mild winter temperatures, the scene is set for a perfect outing to the Great Barrier Reef.
The Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder of the world, located in the warm waters of the SouthWest Pacific Ocean.
Largest Coral Reef System: It boasts the largest coral reef system on the planet, spanning over 347,000 square kilometers, and is recognized as a World Heritage Site.
Underwater Biodiversity: The reef’s vibrant underwater realm captivates visitors with its incredible diversity of coral species and marine life, including soughtafter fish like the Black Marlin.
Protected Status: Managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Authority, the reef’s pristine beauty is carefully preserved for future generations.
Tourist Attraction: Tens of thousands of visitors flock to this region each year, drawn to its unparalleled natural beauty. Diving and outer reef cruises offer opportunities to witness these underwater marvels.
Ecological Diversity: Adjacent to the Wet Tropics World Heritagelisted rainforest, the reef’s proximity to this ecological diversity is unparalleled.
Accessibility: The reef is accessible from cities like Cairns and Port Douglas, and offers scenic flights and visits to its more than 1000 islands, some with lush vegetation.
Ideal Climate: Free from box jellyfish and with mild winter temperatures, the Great Barrier Reef is a perfect destination for adventure yearround.
大堡礁，被誉为是世界上最佳的求婚地点，世界七大自然景观之一，位于美丽的澳大利亚。大堡礁横贯澳州东北海岸线2000余千米，由400多种绚丽多彩的珊瑚组成，从上空俯瞰，礁岛宛如一棵棵碧绿的翡翠，熠熠生辉，而若隐若现的礁顶如艳丽花朵，在碧波万顷的大海上怒放。心形岛是其著名一景，为天然的心形，浪漫别致，美轮美奂。
大堡礁（英文：Great Barrier Reef），是世界上最大、最长的珊瑚礁群，是世界七大自然景观之一，也是澳大利亚人最引以为自豪的天然景观。又称为“透明清澈的海中野生王国”。有2900个大小珊瑚礁岛，自然景观非常特殊。大堡礁的南端离海岸最远有241公里，北端较近，最近仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。在礁群与海岸之间有一条极方便的交通海路，风平浪静时，游船在此间通过，船下联绵不断的多彩、多形的珊瑚景色，就成为吸引世界各地游客来猎奇观赏的最佳海底奇观。 1981年被列入世界自然遗产名录。
The Great Barrier Reef, one of Australia's first World Heritage Areas, was inscribed on the World Heritage List in recognition of its outstanding natural universal values:
as an outstanding example representing the major stages in the earth's evolutionary history;
as an outstanding example representing significant ongoing ecological and biological processes;
as an example of superlative natural phenomena; and
containing important and significant habitats for in situ conservation of biological diversity.
It is the world's largest World Heritage Area extending 2 000 kilometres and covering an area of 35 million hectares on the north-east continental shelf of Australia. Bigger than the entire area of Italy, it is probably the best known marine protected area in the world. The Great Barrier Reef's great diversity reflects the maturity of the ecosystem, which has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years. It is the world's most extensive coral reef system and is one of the world's richest areas in terms of faunal diversity.
The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area contains more than just coral reefs. It also contains extensive areas of seagrass, mangrove, soft bottom communities and island communities. Contrary to popular belief, the reef is not a continuous barrier, but a broken maze of coral reefs and coral cays. It includes some 2 800 individual reefs, of which 760 are fringing reefs. These reefs range in size from less than one hectare to more than 100 000 hectares, and in shape from flat platform reefs to elongated ribbon reefs.
The Great Barrier Reef provides habitats for many diverse forms of marine life. There are an estimated 1 500 species of fish and more than 300 species of hard, reef-building corals. More than 4 000 mollusc species and over 400 species of sponges have been identified.
Other well-represented animal groups include anemones, marine worms, crustaceans (prawns, crabs etc.) and echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins etc.).
The extensive seagrass beds are an important feeding ground for the dugong, a mammal species internationally listed as endangered.
The reef also supports a wide variety of fleshy algae that are heavily grazed by turtles, fish, sea urchins and molluscs.
The reef contains nesting grounds of world significance for the endangered green and loggerhead turtles. It is also a breeding area for humpback whales, which come from the Antarctic to give birth to their young in the warm waters.
The islands and cays support several hundred bird species, many of which have breeding colonies there. Reef herons, osprey, pelicans, frigate birds, sea eagles and shearwaters are among the numerous sea birds that have been recorded.
The World Heritage property is also of cultural importance, containing many middens and other archaeological sites of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin. Some notable examples occur on Lizard and Hinchinbrook Islands, and on Stanley, Cliff and Clack Islands where there are spectacular galleries of rock paintings.
There are over 30 historic shipwrecks in the area, and on the islands are ruins and operating lighthouses that are of cultural and historical significance.
About 98 per cent of the World Heritage Property is within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, the remainder being Queensland waters and islands. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was declared in 1975 with the purpose of preserving the area's outstanding biodiversity whilst providing for reasonable use. This has been achieved using a spectrum of zones ranging from General Use Zones to Preservation Zones. In very broad terms, these zones allow ecologically sustainable activities, but all have an overriding conservation objective. Most reasonable activities such as tourism, fishing, boating, diving and research are permitted to occur but are controlled through zoning and management planning to minimise impacts and conf
望采纳，谢谢
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system,[1][2] composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for 2,600 kilometres (1,616 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (132,974 sq mi).[3][4] The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia.
The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms.[5] This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps.[6] The Great Barrier Reef supports a wide diversity of life, and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981.[1][2] CNN has labelled it one of the seven natural wonders of the world.[7] The Queensland National Trust has named it a state icon of Queensland.[8]
A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which helps to limit the impact of human use, such as overfishing and tourism. Other environmental pressures to the reef and its ecosystem include water quality from runoff, climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching, and cyclic outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish.
Physiography
The Great Barrier Reef is a distinct physiographic province of the larger East Australian Cordillera division.[citation needed] It encompasses the smaller Murray Islands physiographic section.[citation needed]
Geology and geography
Satellite image of part of the Great Barrier Reef adjacent to the Queensland coastal areas of Proserpine and Mackay.Australia moved northwards at a rate of 7 cm per year, starting during the Cainozoic.[9] Eastern Australia experienced a period of tectonic uplift, leading to the drainage divide in Queensland moving 400 km inland. Also during this time, Queensland experienced volcanic eruptions leading to central and shield volcanoes and basalt flows.[10] Some of these granitic outcrops have become high islands.[11] After the Coral Sea Basin was formed, coral reefs began to grow in the Basin, but until about 25 million years ago, northern Queensland was still in temperate waters south of the tropics - too cool to support coral growth.[12] The history of the development of the Great Barrier Reef is complex; after Queensland drifted into tropical waters, the history is largely influenced by how reefs fluctuate (grow and recede) as the sea level changes.[13] They can increase in diameter from 1 to 2 centimetres per year, and grow vertically anywhere from 1 to 15 centimetres (0.4–12 in) per year; however, they are limited to growing above a depth of 150 metres (492 ft) due to their need for sunlight, and cannot grow above sea level.[14] The land that formed the substrate of the current Great Barrier Reef was a coastal plain formed from the eroded sediments of the Great Dividing Range with some larger hills (some of which were themselves remnants of older reefs[15] or volcanoes[11]).[9] When Queensland moved into tropical waters 24 million years ago, some coral grew,[16] but a sedimentation regime quickly developed with erosion of the Great Dividing Range; creating river deltas, oozes and turbidites, which would have been unsuitable conditions for coral growth. 10 million years ago, the sea level significantly lowered, which further enabled the sedimentation.[17]
The Reef Research Centre, a Cooperative Research Centre, has found coral 'skeleton' deposits that date back half a million years.[18]The GBRMPA considers the earliest evidence to suggest complete reef structures to have been 600,000 years ago.[19]
According to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the current, living reef structure is believed to have begun growing on the older platform about 20,000 years ago.[19] The Australian Institute of Marine Science agrees, which places the beginning of the growth of the current reef at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. At around that time, the sea level was 120 metres (394 ft) lower than it is today.
Heron Island, a coral cay in the southern Great Barrier Reef.From 20,000 years ago until 6,000 years ago, the sea level rose steadily. As it rose, the corals could then grow higher on the hills of the coastal plain. By around 13,000 years ago the sea level was 60 metres (197 ft) lower than the present day, and corals began to grow around the hills of the coastal plain, which were, by then, continental islands. As the sea level rose further still, most of the continental islands were submerged. The corals could then overgrow the hills, to form the present cays and reefs. Sea level on the Great Barrier Reef has not risen significantly in the last 6,000 years.[15]The CRC Reef Research Centre estimates the age of the present, living reef structure at 6,000 to 8,000 years old.[18]
The remains of an ancient barrier reef similar to the Great Barrier Reef can be found in The Kimberley, a northern region of Western Australia.[20]
The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area has been divided into 70 bioregions,[21] of which 30 are reef bioregions,[22] and 40 are non-reef bioregions.[23][24] In the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef, ribbon reefs and deltaic reefs have formed; these structures are not found in the rest of the Great Barrier Reef system.[18] There are no atolls in the system,[25] and reefs attached to the mainland are rare.[9]
Fringing reefs are distributed widely, but are most common towards the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, attached to high islands, for example, the Whitsunday Islands. Lagoonal reefs are also found in the southern Great Barrier Reef, but there are some of these found further north, off the coast of Princess Charlotte Bay. Cresentic reefs are the most common shape of reef in the middle of the Great Barrier Reef system, for example the reefs surrounding Lizard Island. Cresentic reefs are also found in the far north of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and in the Swain Reefs (20-22 degrees South). Planar reefs are found in the northern and southern parts of the Great Barrier Reef, near Cape York, Princess Charlotte Bay, and Cairns. Most of the islands on the reef are found on planar reefs.[26]
Ecology
Green sea turtle on the Great Barrier ReefThe Great Barrier Reef supports a diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species, some of which may be endemic to the reef system.[27][28]
Thirty species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises have been recorded in the Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and the humpback whale. Large populations of dugongs live there.[29][30][28]
Six species of sea turtles come to the reef to breed – the green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, flatback turtle, and the olive ridley. The green sea turtles on the Great Barrier Reef have two genetically distinct populations, one in the northern part of the reef and the other in the southern part.[31] Fifteen species of seagrass in beds attract the dugongs and turtles,[29] and provide a habitat for fish.[32] The most common genera of seagrasses are Halophila and Halodule.[33]
Salt water crocodiles live in mangrove and saltmarshes on the coast near the reef.[34]Nesting has not been reported, and the salt water crocodile population in the GBRWHA is wide-ranging and with a low population density.[35] Around 125 species of shark, stingray, skates or chimera live on the reef,[36][37] including the irukandji jellyfish. Close to 5,000 species of mollusc have been recorded on the reef, including the giant clam and various nudibranchs and cone snails.[29] Forty-nine species of pipefish and nine species of seahorse have been recorded.[35] At least seven species of frog can be found on the islands.[38]
215 species of birds (including 22 species of seabirds and 32 species of shorebirds) are attracted to the reef or nest or roost on the islands,[39] including the white-bellied sea eagle and roseate tern.[29] Most nesting sites are on islands in the northern and southern regions of the Great Barrier Reef, with 1.4-1.7 million birds using the sites to breed.[40][41] The islands of the Great Barrier Reef also support 2,195 known plant species; three of these are endemic. The northern islands have 300-350 plant species which tend to be woody, whereas the southern islands have 200 which tend to be herbaceous; the Whitsunday region is the most diverse, supporting 1,141 species. The plant species are spread by birds.[38]
Seventeen species of sea snake live on the Great Barrier Reef. They take three or four years to reach sexual maturity and are long-lived but with low fertility. They are usually benthic, but the species that live on the soft sediment differ from those that live on the reefs themselves. They live in warm waters up to 50 metres (164 ft) deep and are more common in the southern than in the northern part of the reef. None of the sea snakes found in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area are endemic to the reef, nor are any of them endangered.[35]
More than 1,500 species of fish live on the reef, including the clownfish, red bass, red-throat emperor, and several species of snapper and coral trout.[29] Forty-nine species are known to mass spawn, with eighty-four other species found on the reef spawning elsewhere in their range.[42]
There are at least 330 species of ascidians found on the reef system, ranging in size from 1 mm-10 cm in diameter. Between 300-500 species of bryozoans are found on the reef system.[37]
以上就是澳大利亚大堡礁英文介绍的全部内容，大堡礁(英文:Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia法文:Grande barrière de corail)是世界上最大、最长的珊瑚礁群,是世界七大自然景观之一,也是澳大利亚人最引以为自豪的天然景观。又称为“透明清澈的海中野生王国”。内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
