美国南北战争英文介绍？南北战争，又称美国内战（American Civil War），是美国历史上一场大规模的内战，参战双方为美利坚合众国（简称联邦）和美利坚联盟国（简称邦联）。这场战争的起因为美国南部十一州以亚伯拉罕·林肯于1861年就任总统为由而陆续退出联邦，另成立以杰斐逊·戴维斯为“总统”的政府，并驱逐驻扎南方的联邦军，那么，美国南北战争英文介绍？一起来了解一下吧。
Introduction
The Civil War is only one intestine war in the US.
Before 1861 The Civil War began. The most popular antislavery statement of the period was a novel published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher called” Uncle Tom’s cabin” Many northerners understood the evils of slavery for the 1st time. But southerners could not comprehend and thought that was a book insulting lies. Then Northern abolished the slavery. Southern supporters of slavery called for the secession. In early February 1861, there they created a new nation, the Confederate State of America, also called the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected its president first and only. The Confederacy advocated the slavery and seceded the Union govern. That the cause of the big war.
When the confederacy hasn’t established, Federal government was denied the powers of States’ right. Principle of the two government has own powers.
The North was becoming more urban, the industrial was much better than the south. In 1860, the North had 110000 factories compared to 20000 in the South. And produced more than 1.6 billion dollars contrasted to the South’s 155 million dollars. The North’s population was more than twice as excessive as the South’s.
South’s advantages were leaderships. The president Jeffersen Davids and General Lee were participated in Mexican war and had much experience on making tactics. And the military tactics were made very sufficient for the significant war. They were supported by their citizens. Many Southerners were eager to fight, contemplating the war a struggle for their way of life. Also, women on both sides contributed to the war efforts by sewing uniforms and other supplies.
The Union’s general Winfield Scott’s strategies that choke off the Confederacy with blockade and to use troops and gunboats to gain control of the Mississippi river, thus cutting the Confederate army route.
The Confederate president Davis proposed Southerners counted on their forces on being able to turn back Union attacks until Northerners lost the will to fight.
Confederate government had to persuade individual citizens to sacrifice their personal invests for the common community. Their resource was couldn’t retain and bring their soldiers’ gospel. So they attempted to let England and France support them to independence and the illegal slavery extremely. But they failed. Both of France and Great Britain had obeyed abolition. The government of England, their opinion about adopting a wait and see attitude so the Southerners would have to prove themselves for the sake of British recourses.
The cruel war thus worsened economics. Because all of supplies were provided to the army. The women lived up to survive. So they had to loot bakeries and other shops in April 1863. The worse incogitable and unparalleled inflation had occurred.
Union government focused on raising troops and uniting the nation. They not only againsted the Confederacy but also protest Great Britain to intervene the Civil War. They had to pay Britain $19 billion compensation to solicit from preventing Britain's support. This measure made Britain embarrassed and hesitant.
After some battles. Lincoln declared his target wasn’t neither to save slavery nor to destroy slavery. His ultimate intention was that to preserve and protect the Union and the entire continent.Afterwards he proclaimed the Emancipation Proclamation to citizens. In other ways that also could inspirit soldiers to spontaneous and energetic to fight for the peace.
The Battle of Antietam fought on September 17, 1862. It happened place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest battle in American history, with almost 23000 casualties. Attacks and counterattacks were very frequently. McClellan's attacks failed to achieve concentration of mass, allowing Lee to counter by shifting forces along interior lines to meet each challenge. Despite ample reserve forces that could have been deployed to exploit localized successes, McClellan failed to destroy Lee's army. Nevertheless, Lee's invasion of Maryland was ended, and he was able to withdraw his army back to Virginia without interference from the cautious McClellan. Although the battle was tactically inconclusive, it had unique significance as enough of a victory to give President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation.
The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas was the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. Unseasoned Union Army troops under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell advanced across Bull Run against the equally unseasoned Confederate Army under Brig. Gens. Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard, and despite the Union's early successes, they were routed and forced to retreat back to Washington, D.C.
After Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House .Confederate soldiers forfeited their confidences because of the great number of loss and lacked of supplies. Afterwards General Johnston surrendered to Sherman in North Carolina. Throughout Confederate forces also gave up. Both the North and the South had suffered great losses during the war, but both also gained by it. They gained a whole, fair nation. But the bad news also came, Lincoln was assassinated. Afterward Americans they are united and already to reconstruct. The united Americans will move on for eon.
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American Civil War
(1861 – 65) Conflict between the U.S. federal government and 11 Southern states that fought to secede from the Union. It arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states' rights. In the 1840s and '50s, Northern opposition to slavery in the Western territories caused the Southern states to fear that existing slaveholdings, which formed the economic base of the South, were also in danger. By the 1850s abolitionism was growing in the North, and when the antislavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. They were organized as the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Northern states of the federal Union, under Lincoln, commanded more than twice the population of the Confederacy and held greater advantages in manufacturing and transportation capacity. The war began in Charleston, S.C., when Confederate artillery fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Both sides quickly raised armies. In July 1861, 30,000 Union troops marched toward the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., but were stopped by Confederate forces in the Battle of Bull Run and forced to retreat to Washington, D.C. The defeat shocked the Union, which called for 500,000 more recruits. The war's first major campaign began in February 1862, when Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured Confederate forts in western Tennessee. Union victories at the battles of Shiloh and New Orleans followed. In the East, Robert E. Lee won several Confederate victories in the Seven Days' Battles and, after defeat at the Battle of Antietam, in the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862). After the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee invaded the North and engaged Union forces under George Meade at the momentous Battle of Gettysburg. The war's turning point in the West occurred in July 1863 with Grant's success in the Vicksburg Campaign, which brought the entire Mississippi River under Union control. Grant's command was expanded after the Union defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, and in March 1864 Lincoln gave him supreme command of the Union armies. He began a strategy of attrition and, despite heavy Union casualties at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, began to surround Lee's troops in Petersburg, Va. (see Petersburg Campaign). Meanwhile William T. Sherman captured Atlanta in September (see Atlanta Campaign), set out on a destructive march through Georgia, and soon captured Savannah. Grant captured Richmond on April 3, 1865, and accepted Lee's surrender on April 9 at Appomattox Court House. On April 26 Sherman received the surrender of Joseph Johnston, thereby ending the war. The mortality rates of the war were staggering — there were about 620,000 deaths out of a total of 2.4 million soldiers. The South was devastated. But the Union was preserved, and slavery was abolished.
南北战争
南北战争：Civil War，U.S.
1861年4月～1865年4月，美国南方与北方之间进行的战争。又称美国内战。北方领导战争的是资产阶级。在南方，坚持战争的只是种植场奴隶主，他们进行战争的目的是把奴隶制度扩大到全国，而北方资产阶级的目的在于打败南方，以便恢复全国的统一。
19世纪中叶，北部自由劳动制度与南部奴隶制度之间的矛盾发展到不可调和的地步，南部奴隶制度成为美国社会经济发展的主要障碍，南北之间的斗争在西部土地的争夺中表现得最为激烈。19世纪上半叶在美国领土向西扩张的过程中，在西部接连成立新的州。但是每当新州成立之际，就发生在该州内容许或禁止奴隶制存在的斗争。北方资产阶级和农民主张在新州内禁止奴隶制度，要求把新州确定为自由州。南方奴隶主则力图把奴隶制扩大到西部，主张把新州确定为蓄奴州，奴隶主利用其在美国国会及政府中的统治地位，连续取得胜利，激起北方广大人民的愤慨。1854年在北方成立了美国共和党。同年，南方奴隶主企图用武力把奴隶制扩张到堪萨斯州，于是在堪萨斯州爆发了西部农民与来自自由州的移民反对南方奴隶主的武装斗争，斗争持续到1856年，揭开内战的序幕。1857年奴隶主又企图把奴隶制扩展到美国全部领土上去。
在任何国家，国土能越来越大肯定是好事，而在19世纪的美国，随着国土不断增加，国内总有些人制造障碍，让政府西进征程受阻。这是为什么？就因为美国的“一国两制”问题，具体地是说，南方要畜奴，北方要废奴。
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war between the United States of America (the "Union") and the Southern slave states of the newly-formed Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Union included all of the free states and the five slaveholding border states and was led by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party. Republicans opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States, and their victory in the presidential election of 1860 resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office. The Union rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. And thus war began.
以上就是美国南北战争英文介绍的全部内容，联邦的主要战争策略是来自西部的尤里西斯·辛普森·格兰特(Grant,Ulysses Simpson)所出的谋略,他曾在这次内战中控制了敌军的Donelson和Henry等要塞,和田纳西州的坎伯兰河。巩固了联邦政府对於密西西比州的控制,以及开始了美国内战的转捩点。
