袋鼠英文介绍？袋鼠的名字来源曾有一段有趣的误会。据传说，袋鼠的英文名“Kangaroo”源自于澳洲原住民Guugu Yimidhirr的语言，意思是指“不知道”。但事实上，经语言学家John B. Haviland研究，当地称呼袋鼠即为“ganguro”，其意义并非“不知道”。袋鼠是澳大利亚独特且重要的野生动物之一，那么，袋鼠英文介绍？一起来了解一下吧。
eing grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we
Kangaroo is a kind of lovely animals.They have four legs,a nose,a pair of eyes .You know~~~~~……
Kangaroos originated in the Australian continent and parts of Papua New Guinea. Among them, some species unique to Australia. All Australian kangaroo, zoo and wild, except in zoos, are living in the wild. Different types of kangaroos in Australia in a variety of natural life, from the cool climate of the rainforest and the desert plains to tropical areas.
Kangaroo is a herbivore, eating a variety of plants, fungi and some food. Most of their activities at night, but also some activities in the early morning or evening. Different types of kangaroos in a variety of natural life. For example, Lloyd Kangaroo Podolski will make their own nest and the tree kangaroos live in the bush. Large species like the tree kangaroo, the rock cracks and holes as shelter.
All kangaroos, no matter how much volume, there is one thing in common: with long hind legs strong and powerful bond. Kangaroo on the ground most of life, from their strong hind legs jumping way can easily be distinguished from other animals to. Used in the process of jumping kangaroo tail for balance when they move slowly, the tail may act as a fifth leg.
All female kangaroos have long ago opened bag of childcare and child rearing, there are four nipples pocket. "Young" or small kangaroo pockets in the dependent child up until they can survive in the outside world.
Kangaroo is Australia's unique mammals, mainly located in the Australian continent on the forest and grassland. Kangaroo is a plant-eating animals, hiding in the woods during the day and at night to eat grass and leaves outside. The image of the kangaroo is unique: forelimb short toe fingers Elephant Man, strong hind legs, long thick tail, kangaroo tail is a powerful tool, and they who are able to provide support for the kangaroo, kangaroo running can also change the direction of running. Kangaroo tail tapered at the end, the muscles are very strong, up to 1 meter in length. Kangaroo is the most famous living in the grasslands of the Red Kangaroo is the largest category of Kangaroo, the strongest person. Gray kangaroo is jumping experts can jump great distances. Australian gold, about 47 kinds of kangaroo, the kangaroo in the body length 23-250 cm. Kangaroo is not due to fear, so zoologists kangaroo animals in the study encounter trouble when the relatively much smaller. Although kangaroos are not light weight, and sometimes up to 70 kilograms, but their run at an alarming rate, up to 48 kilometers per hour, and they jump up to the first 13 meters away.
Kangaroos have large,powerful hind legs,large feet adapted for leaping,a long muscular tail for balance,and a small head.Like most marsupials,female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which joeys complete postnatal development.
Larger kangaroos have adapted much better than smaller macropods to land clearing for pastoral agriculture and habitat changes brought to the Australian landscape by humans.Many of the smaller species are rare and endangered；
whilst the larger kangaroos are relatively plentiful.The kangaroo is an unofficial symbol of Australia and appears as an emblem on the Australian coat of arms and on some of its currency and is used by some of Australia's well known organisations；
including Qantas and the Royal Australian Air Force.The kangaroo is important to both Australian culture and the national image,and consequently there are numerous popular culture references.
扩展资料：
生活习性：
袋鼠是食草动物，吃多种植物，有的还吃真菌类。
A kangaroo is any of several large macropods (the marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka: 63 species in all). The term kangaroo is sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to all members of the macropod family. Kangaroos are endemic to the continent of Australia, while tree-kangaroos are found on both Australia and New Guinea.
The word kangaroo derives from the Guugu Yimidhirr (an Australian Aboriginal language) word gangurru, referring to a grey kangaroo. The name was first recorded (as "Kangooroo or Kanguru") on 4 August 1770, by Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook on the banks of the Endeavour River at the site of modern Cooktown, when HM Bark Endeavour was beached for almost seven weeks to repair damage sustained on the Great Barrier Reef.[1]
Kangaroo soon became adopted into standard English where it has come to mean any member of the family of kangaroos and wallabies. The belief that it means "I don't understand" or "I don't know" is a popular myth[citation needed] that is also applied to many other Aboriginal-sounding Australian words. Male kangaroos are called bucks, boomers or jacks; females are does, flyers, or jills and the young ones are joeys. The collective noun for kangaroos is a mob, troop, or court. Kangaroos are sometimes colloquially referred to as roos. [2]
[edit] Overview
A Tasmanian Forester (Eastern Grey) Kangaroo in motion.There are three species:
The Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is the largest surviving marsupial anywhere in the world. Fewer in numbers, the Red Kangaroos occupy the arid and semi-arid centre of the continent. A large male can be 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 90 kg (200 lb).
The Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) is less well-known than the red (outside of Australia), but the most often seen, as its range covers the fertile eastern part of the continent.
The Western Grey Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) is slightly smaller again at about 54 kg (119 lb) for a large male. It is found in the southern part of Western Australia, South Australia near the coast, and the Darling River basin.
In addition, there are over 60 smaller macropods that are closely related to the kangaroos in the family Macropodidae.
[edit] Pre-historic kangaroo genera
Procoptodon
Sthenurus "Strong Tail" [3]
Propleopus, carnivorous kangaroo during the pliocene and pleistocene periods (e.g. giant rat kangaroo)
Simosthenurus, leaf-eating (browsing) kangaroos
[edit] Physical description
Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)Kangaroos have long been regarded as strange animals. Early explorers described them as creatures that had heads like deer (without antlers), stood upright like men, and hopped like frogs. Combined with the two-headed appearance of a mother kangaroo, this lead many back home to dismiss them as travelers tales for quite some time.[citation needed]
Kangaroos have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance, and a small head. Like all marsupials, kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which their young complete their development after birth.
Kangaroos are the only large animals to use hopping as a means of locomotion. The comfortable hopping speed for Red Kangaroos is about 20–25 km/h (13–16 mph), but they can hop as fast as 70 km/h (43 mph) over short distances.
This fast and energy-efficient method of travel has evolved less in response to the danger of predators, but more because of the need to regularly cover large distances in search of food and water.
Unlike that of many other mammals, a kangaroo's scrotum (which the males have in place of a pouch [citation needed]) is located far ahead of the penis, almost in the middle of the belly. In hot weather it can be seen lowered by the relaxed animal to keep the testes cool, and raised when moving about.
The average life expectancy of a kangaroo is about 9-18 years [citation needed], with some living until they are about 28.
[edit] Diet
Kangaroos are large herbivores, feeding on grass and roots, and they chew cud. All species are nocturnal and crepuscular, usually spending the days idling quietly and the cool evenings, nights and mornings moving about and feeding, typically in mobs.
[edit] Predators
Kangaroos have few natural predators. The Thylacine, considered by palaeontologists to have once been a major natural predator of the kangaroo, is now extinct. However, with the arrival of humans in Australia at least 50,000 years ago and introduction of the dingo about 5,000 years ago, kangaroos have had to adapt to introduced predators. The mere barking of a dog can set a full-grown male boomer into a wild frenzy.[citation needed] Wedge-tailed Eagles are opportunistic predators who may prey upon juvenile kangaroos and will attack and sometimes kill a kangaroo (even an adult Red), but only when no more suitably-sized food is available. Wedge-tailed Eagles and other raptors usually eat already deceased kangaroos and can be found feeding on road-kill. Goannas and other carnivorous reptiles also pose a danger to the smaller kangaroo species when other food sources are lacking.
Along with dingoes and other canids, introduced species like foxes and feral cats also pose a threat to kangaroo populations, as they do most populations of native animals. Kangaroos and wallabies are apt swimmers, and often flee into waterways if presented with the option. If pursued into the water, a large kangaroo may use its forepaws to hold the predator underwater to drown it. Another defensive tactic described by witnesses is catching the attacking dog with the forepaws and disemboweling it with the hind legs.
[edit] Social life and courtship
A mob of Forester (Eastern Grey) Kangaroos grazing.A mob may have ten or more males and females. The dominant male (called a boomer) is based on his size and age. A boomer has temporary exclusive access to females in a mob for mating. A boomer may find himself wandering in and out of a mob - checking out the females and intimidating the other males who try to mate with the females within the mob.
Courtship behavior in most species of kangaroos includes the male "checking" the female's cloaca. The males are often rejected by the females for their smaller size, but in the case of a larger kangaroo, the female may instead simply move away. Often, when the female is being checked, it urinates. The male kangaroo will sniff the urine multiple times until it is satisfied, then proceed to the mating cycle. Studies of Kangaroo reproduction conclude that this ritual is typical for a male kangaroo to check if the female kangaroo is receptive to the male.
The sexually aroused male follows the responsive female (she raises her tail). Tail scratching (a form of foreplay) can occur between the male and female. The arched tail is indicative that either one or both kangaroos are ready to mate. The male kangaroo may sometimes be found giving the female kangaroo a back rub before mating.
[edit] Adaptations
Newborn joey sucking on a teat in the pouchKangaroos have developed a number of adaptations to a dry, infertile continent and a highly variable climate. As with all marsupials, the young are born at a very early stage of development after a gestation of 31-36 days. At this stage, only the forelimbs are somewhat developed, to allow the newborn to climb to the pouch and attach to a teat. In comparison, a human embryo at a similar stage of development would be about 7 weeks old, and premature babies born at less than 23 weeks are usually not mature enough to survive. The joey will usually stay in the pouch for about 9 months or (for the Western Grey) 180 to 320 days, before starting to leave the pouch for small periods of time. It is usually fed by its mother until the age of 18 months.
A female kangaroo is usually pregnant in permanence, except on the day she gives birth; however, she has the ability to freeze the development of an embryo until the previous joey is able to leave the pouch. This is known as diapause and will occur in times of drought and poor food sources. The composition of the milk produced by the mother varies according to the needs of the joey. In addition, the mother is able to produce two different kinds of milk simultaneously for the newborn and the older joey who still lives in the pouch.
Kangaroos and wallabies have large, stretchy tendons in their hind legs which have evolved for leaping. They store elastic strain energy in the tendons of their large hind legs, providing most of the energy required for each hop by the spring action of the tendons rather than by muscular effort. This is true in all animal species which have muscles connected to their skeleton through elastic elements, like tendons, but the effect is more pronounced in kangaroos.
There is also a linkage between the hopping action and breathing: as the feet leave the ground, air is expelled from the lungs; bringing the feet forward ready for landing fills the lungs again, providing further energy efficiency. Studies of kangaroos and wallabies have demonstrated that, beyond the minimum energy expenditure required to hop at all, increased speed requires very little extra effort (much less than the same speed increase in, say, a horse, a dog, or a human), and also that little extra energy is required to carry extra weight. For kangaroos, the key benefit of hopping is not speed to escape predators — the top speed of a kangaroo is no higher than that of a similarly-sized quadruped, and the Australian native predators are in any case less fearsome than those of other continents — the benefit is economy: in an infertile continent with highly variable weather patterns, the ability of a kangaroo to travel long distances at moderately high speed in search of fresh pastures is crucial.
A sequencing project of the Kangaroo genome was started in 2004 as a collaboration between Australia (mainly funded by the State of Victoria) and the NIH in the USA. The genome of a marsupial such as the kangaroo is of great interest to scientists studying comparative genomics because marsupials are at the right "distance" from humans: mice are too close and haven't developed many different functions, while birds are already too far away. The dairy industry has also expressed some interest in this project.
[edit] Kangaroo blindness
The eye disease is rare but not new among kangaroos. The first official report of kangaroo blindness took place in central New South Wales in 1994. The following year, reports of blind kangaroos appeared in the southern states of Victoria (Australia) and south Australia. By 1996, the disease had spread "across the desert to western Australia". Australians were concerned that the disease could spread to other livestock and to humans. Researchers at the Australian Animal Health Laboratories or (AAHL) in Geelong, Australia, detected a virus called the Wallal virus in two species of midges or sand flies, which they believe were the carriers. Veterinarians also discovered by screening the kangaroo population, that less than three percent of kangaroos exposed to the virus developed blindness.[4]
[edit] Kangaroos and humans
Before white settlement, the kangaroo was a very important animal for Australian Aborigines, both for its meat, its hide, its bones and its sinews. In addition, there were important Dreaming stories and ceremonies involving the kangaroo. Aherrenge is a current kangaroo dreaming site in the Northern Territory. The game of Marn grook was played using a ball made from kangaroo by the Kurnai people.
Unlike many of the smaller macropod species, kangaroos have fared well since European settlement. European settlers cut down forests to create vast grasslands for sheep and cattle grazing, added stock watering points in arid areas, and have substantially reduced the number of dingos. There are more, probably many more, kangaroos in Australia now than were present in 1788.
Kangaroos are shy and retiring by nature, and in normal circumstances present no threat to humans. Male kangaroos often "box" amongst each other, playfully, for dominance, or in competition for mates. The dexterity of their forepaws is utilized in both punching and grappling with the foe, but the real danger lies in a serious kick with the hindleg. The sharpened toenails can disembowel an opponent, and this is the fate of many dogs that wrestle with a boomer.
There are very few records of kangaroos attacking humans without provocation, however several such unprovoked attacks in 2004 spurred fears of a rabies-like disease possibly affecting the marsupials. The only reliably documented case of a fatality from a kangaroo attack was New South Wales, in 1936. A hunter was killed when he tried to rescue his two dogs from a heated fray. Other suggested causes for erratic and dangerous kangaroo behaviour have been extreme thirst and hunger.
For details on Kangaroo culling, and their use for meat, fur and leather, see Kangaroo culling and produce.
[edit] Kangaroo traffic sign
A kangaroo-crossing sign in mainland Australia.The "Kangaroo crossing" sign is to warn motorists to drive carefully and to watch out for kangaroos, because of the possibility of the presence of kangaroos in the area. The signs are placed based on the frequency of reported collisions — a collision between a car and kangaroo is capable of killing the kangaroo and damaging the car.
Kangaroos blinded by headlights or startled by engine noise have been known to leap in front of cars. Since kangaroos in mid-bound can reach speeds of ~50 km/h (31 mph) and are relatively heavy, the damage to vehicles can be severe, and, as already mentioned, it will also kill the kangaroo. Small vehicles may be destroyed, while larger vehicles may potentially suffer engine damage. If thrown through the windscreen, the risk of harm to vehicle occupants is greatly increased. For this reason, vehicles that frequent isolated highways where roadside assistance may be scarce are often fitted with "roo bars" to protect from the damage caused by such accidents. Hood-mounted devices, designed to scare the wildlife off the road with ultrasound and other effects, are being devised and marketed.
A dead animal should never be left on the road, otherwise a scavenging carrion-eater (such as Tasmanian Devil or a bird) eating it may be killed by another car. It is advocated that the corpse be moved as far away from the road as practical.[citation needed]
If a female marsupial is a victim of a collision, animal welfare groups ask that her pouch be checked for an infant joey, which may often survive the accident. In this case the joey should be taken to a wildlife sanctuary or veterinary surgeon so that the joey can be cared for and hopefully saved. Likewise, when an adult kangaroo is injured in a collision, a Veterinary Surgeon, or the RSPCA, or the National Parks and Wildlife Service should be consulted for instructions about what to do for the kangaroo. An injured kangaroo should never be left to suffer. Also, injured kangaroos can sometimes be rehabilitated.
Some people would nurse the little joey themselves. The rule-of-thumb says that if the joey is already covered with fur at the time of the accident (as opposed to still being in its embryonic stage), it stands a good chance of growing up properly. Lactose-free milk is required, otherwise the animal may develop blindness. They hop readily into a cloth bag when it is lowered in front of them approximately to the height where the mother's pouch would be. The joey's instinct is to "cuddle up", which endears them to their keepers, but after hand-rearing a joey, it cannot usually be released into the wild and expected to provide for itself effectively. Usually wildlife sanctuaries are willing to adopt kangaroos which are no longer practical, or have grown too large to contain, needing at least 1 acre and 7ft boundary fences for a fully grown kangaroo
袋鼠是任一种属于袋鼠目的有袋动物(袋鼠目的其他成员：小袋鼠、树袋鼠、大袋鼠、小型沙袋鼠和短尾矮袋鼠:共计45种)。
以上就是袋鼠英文介绍的全部内容，袋鼠的英语介绍：Purpose is either belong to the kangaroo kangaroo marsupials， mainly distributed in the Australian continent and parts of Papua New Guinea．袋鼠是任一种属于袋鼠目的有袋动物 ，主要分布于澳大利亚大陆和巴布亚新几内亚的部分地区。内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
